Pneumatic pump or apparatus for raising water by means of compressed air.



T. 0. PERRY. PNEUMATIC PUMP 0R APPARATUS FOR RAISINGWATER BY MEANS oroomrrmssm) AIR. APPLIGATION FILED APRJZ, 1907.

939,307. Patented Nov. 9,1909.

- 4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

ATTORNEY T, 0. PERRY. PNEUMATIC PUMP 0R APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER BYMEANS OF COMPRESSED Am. APPLICATION FILED APEJZ, 1907.

939,307, Patented NOV. 9, 1909.

4 SHEETSSHEBT 2.

Fig. 5

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T. 0. PERRY.

PNEUMATIC PUMP 0R APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER BY MEANS OF COMPRESSEDAIR.

APPLICATION-FILED APR.12, 1907. 939,307. Patented Nov. 9, 1909.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

l/VENTOR y gg z g AfmR/VEY T. 0. PERRY. RATUS FOR RAISING WATER BY MEANSOF COMPRESSED AIR.

APPLIOATION FILED APR.12, 1907.

PNEUMATIC PUMP 0R APPA 939,307,

Patented Nov. 9, 1909.

4 SHEETS IIVVENTOR ATTORNEY WITNESSES.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS O. PERRY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

PNEUMATIC PUMP OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER BY MEANS OF COMPRESSEDAIR.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Tnoivms O. PERRY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented a certain new and useful Pneumatic Pump or Apparatus forRaising Water by Means of Compressed Air, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to improvements in pneumatic pumps in which airunder tension is made to act directly against the water to be elevated,expelling it from a pair of closed chambers which require to bealternately filled and emptied; and the objects of my improvements are,first, to provide positive and efiicient means for automaticallyoperating an air valve which controls the alternate admission and escapeof air to and from the pair of closed water chambers; second, to effecta complete emptying and refilling of each water chamber without waste ofair or undue diminution of the chamber capacity due to premature actionof the air valve in either direction; and, third, to obtain abundance ofpower for operating the automatic air valve without excessiveenlargement of the pump, thereby saving cost of'material and making itfeasible to operate the pump in restricted spaces.

I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, in which Figure 1 is an exterior view, in elevation, of theentire pump, which for convenience may be called a side view; Fig. 2 isa view showing the interior face and ports of the air valve and itsinclosing casing as projected to the left from Fig. 1, and may be termeda rear view; Fig. 3 is a rear view of the valve seat against which theair valve rocks, showing positions of the ports on its face in dottedcircles, and its interior ducts in dotted lines; Fig. 4 is a verticallongitudinal section through the air valve, valve casing and valve seattaken in the plane of the axis of the valve and showing the valve turnedhalf way between its extreme working positions; Fig. 5 is a verticalsectional rear view of the upper portion of the pump taken in a planeindicated by the broken line 55 on Fig. 6; Fig. 6 is a sectional plan ofthe pump taken through the axis of the air valve, but omitting the valveand various other parts; Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sec- Specification ofLetters Patent.

Application filed April 12, 1907.

Patented Nov. 9, 1909.

Serial No. 367,864.

tion of one of the water chambers taken through its vertical axis in aplane indicated by the broken line 77 on Figs. 6 and 1e; Fig. 8 is alongitudinal section of the other water chamber taken through itsvertical axis in a plane indicated by the broken line 88 on Figs. 6 andlet; Fig. 9 is a sectional plan of one of the water chambers taken in aplane cutting the top of the chamber at 99 as indicated on Fig. 8; Fig.10 is a sectional plan of one of the water chambers taken in a planecutting the chamber at 10-10 as indicated on Fig. 8; Fig. 11 is avertical section through the rear of the base of the pump taken in aplane indicated by the broken line 1111 on Fig. 14, showing the waterexit and check valves; Fig. 12 is a vertical section through the base ofthe pump taken in a plane indicated by the broken line 1212, on Fig. 1a,showing the passage for water from one of the water chambers to one ofthe exit check valves; Fig. 13 is a vertical section of the base takenin a plane through the axes of both water chambers as indicated by'thebroken line 18--13 on Fig. 14:; Fig. 14 is a plan of the base of thepump showing also in section the positions of the two water chambers.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

The two cylindrical water chambers M and N are closed at the top by thechambercap L, common to both chambers, and at their lower ends by thecommon base R. Tie rods T, with nuts T clamp the base and cap againstthe ends of the chambers. The base is a hollow casting whose interiorcommunicates with each of the water chambers through the large outerannular openings R, and also communicates with the water inlet Q, whichmay be simply an exterior opening into the base or a tubular opening ofany desired form or length. Vithin the interior of the base, partitionedoff from the rest of the interior and from each other, are

two water passages connecting each of through ears P on the casing andscrew into lugs It on the base. The water inlets R are covered byannular ring valves U, which are limited in their lift by the stops T,T. The chambers, M and N, are supposed to be submerged in water or, ifnot submerged, the water inlet Q may connect with any source of Watersupply from which the chambers may be filled by gravity or pressure.

In order that the chambers may fill with water, provision must be madefor letting the inclosed air out, and in order that water may beexpelled by compressed air, provision must be made for admitting airunder tension. It is required that air be admitted to and allowed toescape from the chambers alternately so that while one is emptying, theother may be refilling, to insure a continuous flow of water from theoutlet. For this purpose an air valve D is located above the waterchambers and is inclosed in a casing C, which is supposed to communicatewith some source of compressed air through the inlet pipe Z, which infact may be part of a reservoir for compressed air. The air valve D iscylindrical in form and has a circular face which rests against thevalve seat E against which the valve case C is clamped by screws whichpass through ears C on the valve case and screw into lugs E on each sideof the valve seat, forming therewith a chamber inclosing the valve. Arock shaft, F, has a bearing at one end in an. opening, -E, extendingthrough the valve seat, and terminates in a rectangular tongue whichfits loosely in a corresponding socket, D in the center of the air valveso that the valve may be reached from without and rocked between limits.A bow spring, 0, and also the air pressure, serves to keep the face ofthe valve pressed tight against the valve seat. In the face of the valveseat are six circular ports whose radial distances from the axis ofrotation and whose distances from each other are all equal and whosediameters are preferably made about equal to the spaces between theircircumferences. Port, E leads into the interior duct, E, which extendingdiagonally down and toward the left communicates with chamber, M. Inlike manner port, E communicates through duct, E, with chamber, N.Ports, E and E lead into duct, E which turns up at the left and leads tothe open air. As E and communicate they are virtually one portelongated. The remaining ports and ducts in the valve seat E may bedisregarded for the present. In the face of the valve, D, are four portsarranged around the axis of rotation at the same radial distances as theports in the valve seat. Ports, D D and D are equidistant from eachother and of the same diameter as the ports in the seat,

and these three ports communicate with each other, or all connect withan annular chamber, D, in the back of the valve. Port D located betweenD and D and diametrically opposite to D connects with an opening in theperiphery of the valve so as to receive compressed air from the valvechamber and reservoir, 2', and is preferably greater in diameter thanthe other ports.

In the position of the valve as shown, it is evident that the compressedair will enter chamber N, and drive water out through the outlet, 0,because inlet port, D, registers with port, E At the same time exhaustport, D registers with port, E, and allows air to escape from chamber M,so that water may enter. Now if the air valve be rocked so as to makeinlet port, D, register with port, E an exhaust port, D, will registerwith port, E and the action as respects chambers M and N will bereversed. It may be noticed that in either position of the air valve,exhaust ports, D*, will connect with the open air through either ports,E or E. So, in order to keep a continuous stream of water flowing fromthe pump, it is only necessary to rock the air valve from one work-' ingposition to the other at intervals, before either water chamber isentirely emptied. It remains to make this action automatic; and for thispurpose two pistons, or preferably fiexible diaphragms, a and Z, arehorizontally located,'one above and the other below the rock shaft, F.The peripheries of these diaphragms are clamped against the castings, Aand L, concavo-convex in form, with their concavities facing toward thediaphragms. tops of the water chambers, is made with a concavo uppersurface and serves as one of those castings. A closed space is formedbetween the diaphragm and casting in each case.

The clamp castings, B and K, which clamp diaphragms, a and Z, by meansof screws, Z, Z, piercing their peripheries and screwing into castings,B and L have large circular recesses. The valve seat, E, is extendedvertically up and down, expanded at its upper and lower ends, andclamped between the clamping castings, B and K, at the rear of theirperipheries by binding screws, Z The center of diaphragm, a, restsagainst a disk, Z), large enough to nearly fill the circular recess incasting, B, and in like manner disk, m, comes in contact with diaphragm,Z. Attached to the center of disk, m, and extending upward is a tube, m.A similar tube, Z), is attached to and extends downward from the disk,Z). Tubes m, and Z) telescope loosely over opposite ends of a connectingtube, J, and are also guided and free to slide loosely through openingsin castings B and K. Midway between the two diaphragms, fulcrumed on ahanger g,

The cap, L, which closes the extending from the side of casting, B, isan auxiliary lever, G, made in the form of an irregular ring, inclosinga cylindrical cage, J, pivotally connected therewith on opposite sides.The cage, J, in turn surrounds the tube, J, and has at each end narrowinternal flanges between which and the tube there is considerableannular space. Two washers, a, e, fitting loosely within the cage andalso loosely fitting around the tube, J, are normally thrust apartagainst the interior flanges at each end of the cage by helical spring,S. The tubes, Z), m, are adapted to engage the washers, (Z, c. A link,f, connects the auxiliary lever, G, with an arm projecting at rightangles from the axis of the rock shaft, F, which is located above byreason of the valve seat, E, having its lower exceed its upper extensionin length. In order to give the rock shaft greater stability, it is bentaround the cage and has a bearing also in a pillar, I, which unites thecastings, B and K, on the side opposite from the valve seat, E. By usingtwo links, 7, united by a sleeve to connect the auxiliary lever, G, withthe rock shaft, F, the former also is held from any tendency to tipsidewise. For convenience of construction, the cage, J, is made in twoparts, the upper part being screwed into the lower. After either of thewashers, (Z or c, is pushed in toward the other against the motivespring, the recoil of the spring is eased by the outward movement of thewasher, after the manner of a loose piston in a cylinder, creating apartial Vacuum within the annular space containing the spring. Also,water must be expelled through the narrow annular openings between theend of the cage and the tubular plungers, b or m, causing additionalretardation to the movement of the piston washer when the springrecoils.

In addition to the air ducts already described, the valve seat, E, has avertical duct, E, extending its entire length, communicating through therim of easing, B, with the space inclosed between diaphragm, a, andcasting, A, and also connecting through the rim of casting, K, and duct,L with a small nozzle, V, reaching down into chamber, M. This duct, E",also connects with the port, E", in the face of the valve seat. Anothervalve seat port, E opens into a vertical duct, E leading down throughthe rim of casting, K, to the space inclosed between diaphragm, Z, andcap, L. This space between L and Z also connects directly with chamber,N, through the small nozzle, V, which is similar in the form andposition to nozzle, V, in chamber, M. These small nozzles are closed bypointed conical valves, a terminating the upper ends of small valverods, u, and interiorly attached to the lower ends of perforated guidesleeves, a, which loosely receive and guide upon the nozzles. On thelower ends of each valve rod is screwed an adjustable connection, apivoted to one end of a multiplying lever, 7 whose other end has pivotalconnection with a link, 9. Between the extremities, in proximity toconnection, 20 lever, 1", is pivoted on the fulcrum arm, T extendingfrom the fulcrum support, T, which is attached to the tie rod, T. Link,g, also has pivotal connection with one end. of second forked lever, t,whose other end has pivotal connection with the bow spring link, 2Between its extremities lever, 25, is pivotcd on the fulcrum arm, Textending from the fulcrum support, T which is attached to the tie rod,T. The lower end of link, y, connects with the float, W, by passingloosely through the staples, 1V driven into the top of the float whichis guided on the tie rod, T, and is limited in its upward movement bythe fulcrum support, T Link, 9, is made of heavy material so as tocounterbalance a portion of the weight of the float, 1V, and is assistedas a counterweight by the long arm of lever, r. For it is diflicult tofind any material sufficiently light for a float and which is sure neverto become water-logged in water subjected to severe pressure. On accountof the great pressure also, a hollow metal float can not well resistbeing crushed.

Also the frequent recurrences of great external pressures, as frequentlysucceeded by great reductions of pressure, subject the float toalternating contracting and expanding forces, which tend to crack thewalls of a hollow float and cause leakage, even if otherwise such afloat could withstand the exterior pressure and yet be suflicientlybuoyant without a counterweight. A hollow float would need to beperfectly air tight, since otherwise its buoyancy would be affected byadmission of water. In order to secure unchangeableness of buoyancy, thefloat apparently needs to be of solid substance, impervious to water orair, and as no such material unchangeable in water is available, whosespecific gravity is materially less than that of water, it becomesnecessary to counterbalance a portion of the floats weight. Thecounterbalancing weights, q, (1, being inside of the chambers, M, N,need to be of great specific gravity relatively to the density of thefloats, in order to hold the vent valves, a firmly closed when submergedin water. The vent valves are seated with greater force by reason oftheir being fully closed before the water rises in the chamberssufficiently to submerge the counterweights, which, notwithstandingtheir reduced weight in water, still suflice to hold the vent valves totheir seats and prevent leakage after they are once tightly closed.

One of the greatest troubles attending the action of floats required tooperate valves in pneumatic pumps, especially when the supply ofcompressed air is dependent upon a windmill, is caused by a tendency ofthe float operated valve to stick to its seatafter intervals of longdisuse as when the wind ceases to blow sufficiently for hours or evendays. Also where other motive power is used for compressing air, thepump is liable to have protracted periods of rest. This liability of thevalve to adhere to its seat after long periods of rest is greatlyreduced by relieving the pressure against the seat after the valve isfirst firmly seated. The sticking appears to be due in most cases toslowly formed cementation between surfaces too tightly pressed togetherin the presence of moisture.

Other advantages derived from counterbalancing the floats by submergiblcweights and connections within the water chambers are compactness,avoidance of packing glands, and reduction of pivotal friction which theaddition of counterwei hts naturally augments. The pivotal connectionsbetween counterweights and levers are constantly lubricated by thewater, a matter of considerable importance, with small floats made ofheavy material such as must be used to secure absolute impermeabilityand durability under great pressure. Moreover, the small and delicateneedle valves intended to be used in my device in which an exceedinglyslight area is covered and but an inappreciable movement required,renders it impossible to utilize a counterweight outside of the chamber.

, The mechanism so far described is suffi cient to render the pumpautomatic and effectively operative under ordinary conditions.

The operation is as follows: To start with, both water chambers, beingimmersed, are supposed to be full of water, as they surely will be ifthe air in them is first allowed to escape, either by rocking the airvalve or by letting the air off through the auxiliary pet-cock placedanywhere on the inlet air pipe, 2'. In the position shown in Figs. 1 and2, the valve, D, admits compressed air to chamber N, expelling watertherefrom until it is nearly emptied or until the float, V, descends andpulls open the vent valve, M by way of which air is admitted belowdiaphragm, Z, forcing up the disk, on, and rocking the valve, D, to thereversed position already described. In this supposed operation themotive spring, S, was not called into action and for present purposesthe loose washers, (Z and 0, may be regarded as fixed heads at top andbottom of cage, J, just as they are in effect when the motive springsimply holds them in their normal positions against the internal flangesof the cage. The valve, D, being reversed, admits compressed air to theother chamber, M, and allows air to escape from chamber, N,

so that it may refill with water while chamber M, is being emptied. Thereversal of valve, D, also lets the air escape from below diaphragm, Z,through ports, E and D which, by reversal, were made to register witheach other, and the diaphragm then is restored to its normal initialposition by external water pressure. Before reversal the port E wasclosed by the valve, D, as shown. The action in chamber, M, is preciselythe same as in chamber, N, except that the opening of the vent, 14 bythe float admits air above diaphragm a, forcing down the disk, Z), andagain reversing the valve, D, so as to readmit air to chamber, N, andlet air escape from chamber, M. Air escapes from beneath diaphragm, Z,through the registering together of ports E and D at the same time thatit escapes from chamber, N, through the ports E and D. Thus, thereversal of valve, D, occurs whenever the float in either water chamberfalls by reason of the water being almost entirely excluded.

While the action of the pump as described is ordinarily sure andsatisfactory, there are two known conditions under which failure mayoccur. The height to which the water is to be elevated'may be assumed toinsure suiiicient air tension to eflectively operate the air valve, or,say, as much as ten pounds to the square inch. But much less than eightor ten pounds pressure may fail to completely efl'ect reversal, andstill further reduction of air pressure will rock the valve less andless until it barely moves a little each way from the exact intermediateposition, and may even finally stop there where it either equally admitsair to both water chambers or not at all. From this neutral position ofthe air valve the pump may not always again be started by simplyincreasing the air pressure, and it would seem as though it might evenbe necessary to shift the valve once by hand in order to restart thepump. This manner of possible failure might occur with inconvenientfrequency when a windmill is depended upon to maintain the supply ofcompressed air; and as it is expected that this pump will be especiallyand chiefly useful in connection with wind power, it is needful to applya remedy for this defect. The other condition of possible failure iswhen a leakage of air past the vent valve, if, or due to defect in thevalve, D, or otherwise, allows a premature accumulation of air behindeither diaphragm and rocks the air valve so slowly that it halts in itsneutral position. A slow leak, such as might otherwise be tolerated,would not have time to cause failure in this manner, when the pump isworking normally under ample air pressure, but might cause failure whenthe compressed air supply comes very slowly direct from a compressoroperated by a windmill. Or, when the air supply is drawn from a storagereservoir and the flow of water from the pump is shut off, when notneeded, by closing a cock in the water outlet, leaving the air inlet tothe pump constantly open, failure might follow a slow accumulation ofair back of either diaphragm.

In order that failure may never occur from the two mentioned causes, themotive spring, S, is provided to act in conjunction with lever, G,whenever air is admitted behind the diaphragms, in conjunction with aretarder, H, which is hinged between ears, K, projecting from the sideof casting, K, directly below the projection, G, that protrudes from theauxiliary lever, G, so as to encounter the slanting shoulders of theretarder in both directions of its reversing movement. The slantingshoulders are adapted to retard the reversing movement of lever, G, justbefore its midway position is reached where the function, of the airvalve would be neutral, by reason of beingpressed against theprojection, G, by the obstructing spring, K A short horizontal arm, H,limits the inward movement of the retarders by contact with casting, K.The result of this obstruction is to cause a compression of motivespring, S, until suflicient tension accumulates to overcome theobstruction, when the recoil quickly sends the air valve past itsneutral position. If the increasing tension of the motive spring shouldnot suffice to overcome the obstruction of the slanting shoulders, theobstruction would be overcome by reason of the closing together of thecoils of the sprin And should the motive spring be too stiff to yield atall, the obstruction would cause an accumulation of compressed airagainst the diaphragm, a, or Z, until the increasing air tension wouldovercome the obstruction, when the rebound due to the elasticity of theair would send the air valve quickly past its neutral position. In thiscase the action would be the same as if the washers, (Z and 6, wereimmovable with reference to the cage, J. Thus it appears that the motivespring may be dispensed with if the compressed air has suflicient spacein which to accumulate back of the diaphragms. Unnecessary space andwaste of air are avoided by using the motive spring. It is onlynecessary that lever G be obstructed before the air valve is rockedthrough half of its total movement. Under normal conditions the airvalve will be carried completely and promptly to the limit of itsangular movement independently of the action of the retarder and motivespring, and these auxiliaries meet all requirements if they prevent theair valve from stopping where its relation to the two water chambers isexactly neutral.

The term pneumatic pump is used to designate an apparatus for raisingwater or other liquids by means of compressed air or other gaseousfluids.

In my copending application, Serial No. 203,228, filed April 14:, 1904,I have claimed generally a float in combination with two water chambershaving outlet and inlet valves, a reversible air valve adapted to admitand exhaust air to and from the chambers, main inlet and exhaust portsto said water chambers controlled by said air valve, auxiliary air ventsto said water chambers controlled by said vent valves and a motoroperated by compressed air for reversing the air-valve in eitherdirection. In the present case I have added, in connection with thefloat, the counterbalancing elements shown and described, and thereforedo not wish to be understood as making claim to a float except incombination with said counterbalancing elements; nor, do I wish to beunderstood as claiming a float in combination with a counterbalancingweight generally, inasmuch as such a combination is old in the art, but

What I do claim and wish to secure by Letters Patent is 1. Thecombination with two water chambers having inlet and outlet watervalves, a reversible air valve adapted to admit and exhaust air to andfrom said water chainbers, main air inlet and exhaust ports con trolledby said air valve, a motor operable by compressed air adapted to reversesaid air valve in either direction, auxiliary air vents in said waterchambers, vent valves adapted to open and close said vents andcounteracting air ducts leading to said motor from said air vents, offloats located in said water chambers in operative connection with saidvent valves to open and close said air vents when water is dischargedfrom and admitted to the chambers, and counterweights within said waterchambers above the level of said floats to counterbalance a portion ofthe weight of the floats to cause a maximum pressure to be exerted uponthe valves at the instant of closure and then to reduce said pressure.

2. The combination with two water chambers having inlet and outlet watervalves, a reversible air valve adapted to admit and exhaust air to andfrom said water chambers, main air inlet and exhaust ports con trolledby said air valve, a motor operable by compressed air adapted to reversesaid air valve in either direction, auxiliary air vents in said waterchambers, vent valves adapted to open and close said vents, andcounteracting air ducts leading to said motor from said air vents, offloats in said water chambers adapted to open and close said air ventswhen water is discharged from and admitted to the chambers, andcounterbalancing lever connections within said chambers between saidfloats and vent valves to counterbalance a portion of the weight of thefloats and impart a maximum initial pressure thereupon.

3. The combination with two water chambers having inletand outlet watervalves, a reversible air valve adapted to admit and exhaust air to andfrom said water chambers, main air inlet and exhaust ports controlled bysaid air valve, a motor operable by compressed air adapted to reversesaid air valve in either direction, auxiliary air vents in said waterchambers, vent valves adapted to open and close said vents, andcounteracting air ducts leading to said mo-' tor from said air vents, offloats in said water chambers for opening and closing said air ventswhen water is discharged from and admitted to either of said chambers,and compound levers intervening between said valves and floats, saidlevers being provided with counterbalancing elements located Within saidchambers above the level of said floats to counterbalance a portion ofthe latter and vary the pressure thereon.

4. The combination with two water chambers having inlet and outlet watervalves, a reversible air valve adapted to admit and exhaust air to andfrom said water chambers, main air inlet and exhaust ports controlled bysaid air valve, a motor operable by compressed air adapted to reversesaid air valve in either direction, auxiliary air vents in said waterchambers, vent valves adapted to open and close said vents, andcounteracting air ducts leading to said 1110- tor from said air vents,of floats in said water chambers adapted to open and close said airvents when Water is discharged from and admitted to the chambers,partial counterbalancing connections within said Water chambers forconnecting said floats and valves, the location of said connectionsbeing such that the inflowing water will first act upon the floats andthen upon the connections to reduce the pressure upon the valves afterthe first positive impact of closure.

5. The combination With two water chambers having inlet and outlet watervalves, a reversible air valve adapted to admit and exhaust air to andfrom said water chambers, main air inlet and exhaust ports controlled bysaid air valve, a motor operable by compressed air adapted to reversesaid air valve in either direction, auxiliary air vents in saidwater-chambers, vent valves adapted to open and close said vents andcounteracting air ducts leading to said motor from said air vents, offloats within said water chambers, said floats being impervious to waterunder pressure, and means Within said chamber for partiallycounterbalancing said floats, said counterbalancing means being locatedabove the level of submergence of said floats to cause the latter toexert a maximum initial pressure in clos ing the valves and then toreduce said pressure to maintain the closure of the valves whilepreventing them from sticking to the valve seats.

6. The combination with two water chambers having inlet and outlet watervalves, a reversible air-valve adapted to admit and exhaust air to andfrom said Water-chambers, main air inlet and exhaust ports controlled bysaid air-valve, a motor operable by compressed air adapted to reversesaid air-valve in either direction, auxiliary air vents in said waterchambers, vent-valves adapted to open and close said vents andcounteracting air ducts leading to said motor from said vents, of afloat in each of said water chambers for opening and closing one or theother of said air-vents when water is discharged from and admitted toeither of said chambers, two lever connections for multiplying the powerexerted by the float to open or close the vent valve and a heavy linkarranged to connect said two levers to counterbalance a portion of theweight of the float, said link being so located within said chamber asto be submerged in the infiowing water after the submergence of thefloat, substantially as described.

7. The combination with two water chambers having inlet and outlet watervalves, a reversible air-valve adapted to admit and exhaust air to andfrom said water chambers, main air inlet and exhaust ports controlled bysaid air valve, a motor operable by compressed air adapted to reversesaid air-valve in either direction, auxiliary water vents in said waterchambers, vent valves adapted to open and close said vents andcounteracting air-ducts leading to said motor from said air-vents, of afloat in each of said water chambers for opening and closing one or theother of said air-vents when water is discharged from and admitted toeither water chamber, compound levers interposed between said float andvent valves, and a connection between said levers comprising a heavylink arranged to counterbalance a portion of the weight of said float,said levers and link being inclosed within said water chamber so as tobe submerged in the inflowing water, substantially as described.

8. The combination with two Water chambers having inlet and outletvalves, a reversible air-valve adapted to admit and exhaust air to andfrom said water chambers, main air inlet and exhaust ports controlled bysaid air-valve, a motor operable by compressed air adapted to reversesaid airvalve in either direction, auxiliary air vents in said waterchambers, vent valves adapted to open and close said vents andcounteracting airducts leading to said motor from said vents, of floatsin said Water-chambers for opening and closing said vents when water isdischarged from and admitted to the Water chambers, actuatingconnections between said floats and said vent valves and counterweightsadapted to counterbalance a portion of the weight of said floats, saidcounter- Weights being located Within said water chambers so as to besubmerged by the infiowing Water, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specificatlon 1n thepresence of 16 two subscribing Witnesses.

THOMAS O. PERRY.

\Vitnesses:

J NO. B. BEAvIs, g DANL. E. BRINK. 7 f

